Advancing Europe’s energy transition
The 2025 State of the Energy Union report published by the European Commission emphasises that energy policy is crucial for European competitiveness, security and the move towards climate neutrality by 2050, as well as for strengthening the European Union (EU)’s energy independence and resilience in an increasingly complex geopolitical context.
The EU is facing significant challenges in achieving these aims, notably the current geopolitical tensions and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Article 194(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) provides the basis for the EU to develop a more strategic and harmonised energy policy.
Since 2011, Milieu has worked on a variety of projects supporting the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Committee of the Regions in the design and implementation of EU energy policy.
Our areas of expertise and selected projects
Explore our work across energy efficiency, building renovation, electromobility and the implementation of EU energy legislation through selected projects for European institutions and bodies.
Energy Efficiency Directive compliance assessment — European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER)
Energy Efficiency Directive compliance assessment — European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER)
The 2023 recast Energy Efficiency Directive requires Member States to transpose its provisions into national law by 11 October 2025, with specific deadlines for certain provisions. The European Commission is responsible for verifying the completeness and conformity of the national transposition measures notified by each Member State. Since January 2026, Milieu’s network of legal experts across the 27 Member States has supported that verification.
Renovation Wave initiative — European Committee of the Regions (CoR)
Renovation Wave initiative — European Committee of the Regions (CoR)
Buildings account for around 40% of EU energy consumption, making renovation of building stock essential to achieving climate neutrality, tackling energy poverty and supporting economic recovery. Despite impactful regulatory frameworks such as the Energy Efficiency Directive and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, renovation rates across Member States remain too low to meet climate targets, prompting the European Commission to launch the Renovation Wave initiative. The Committee of the Regions then commissioned Milieu to identify the building renovation challenges faced by local and regional authorities, assess how the Renovation Wave addresses these obstacles, and formulate recommendations on how to mainstream renovation within EU funding programmes such as the Recovery and Resilience Facility.
Promotion of e-mobility through buildings policy — European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER)
Promotion of e-mobility through buildings policy — European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER)
As EU decision makers increasingly recognise the role of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in decarbonising both the building and transport sectors, this study examined the state of play of legislation and policy measures on the integration of electromobility infrastructure in the EU building stock. Drawing on market analysis, review of existing legislation and stakeholder engagement, the study identified barriers and opportunities to the deployment of electric vehicle (EV) recharging points in buildings and assessed the relevance of additional EU-level measures, including coupling with renewable energy sources and smart grid integration. The findings supported the revision of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directiveand the Commission report to the European Parliament and the Council on the contribution of EU building policy to the promotion of electromobility.